Cardiac Diagnostic

Cardiac diagnostic procedures are specialized tests and evaluations used to detect, monitor, and diagnose heart conditions. These procedures help assess the structure, function, and electrical activity of the heart to determine the appropriate treatment plan. Common cardiac diagnostic methods include:

1. Non-Invasive Tests

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Records the electrical activity of the heart to detect arrhythmias, heart attacks, or other abnormalities.

Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart, showing its structure, motion, and blood flow.

Stress Test: Measures the heart's performance during physical exertion or medication-induced stress.

Holter Monitoring: A portable ECG device worn for 24-48 hours to monitor heart rhythms continuously.

CT Coronary Angiography: A detailed imaging technique to visualize coronary arteries and detect blockages.

MRI of the Heart: Provides high-resolution images of the heart's structure and function.


2. Invasive Tests

Cardiac Catheterization: Involves inserting a thin tube (catheter) into a blood vessel to reach the heart, often used to check for blocked arteries.

Coronary Angiography: Performed during cardiac catheterization to visualize coronary arteries using contrast dye and X-rays.

Electrophysiological Study (EPS): Evaluates the heart's electrical system to pinpoint arrhythmias.

Endomyocardial Biopsy: A procedure to collect a small sample of heart tissue for analysis.


3. Blood Tests

Troponin Levels: Detects heart muscle damage, often used in heart attack diagnosis.

BNP/NT-proBNP Levels: Helps diagnose and monitor heart failure.

Lipid Profile: Measures cholesterol and triglycerides to assess heart disease risk.


4. Advanced Imaging

Nuclear Cardiology (e.g., Myocardial Perfusion Imaging): Uses radioactive materials to assess blood flow and detect areas of poor circulation in the heart.

PET Scan: Provides detailed images of the heart's metabolic activity.


Importance of Cardiac Diagnostics

Early and accurate diagnosis of heart conditions helps in:

Preventing severe complications like heart attacks or heart failure.

Monitoring disease progression.

Guiding personalized treatment plans.